Key Word in Context

Key Word In Context (KWIC)
- KWIC is the most common format for concordance lines.
- The term KWIC was coined by Hans Peter Luhn.
- KWIC index is formed by sorting and aligning words within an article title.
- It was a useful indexing method for technical manuals before computerized full text search became common.
- A KWIC index allows each word in titles to be searchable alphabetically.

Keyword alongside context (KWAC)
- KWAC is a method of indexing that includes the keyword and its context.
- KWAC is used to provide additional information about the keyword.
- It helps in understanding the meaning and usage of the keyword in the given context.
- KWAC is commonly used in linguistic and natural language processing research.
- It enhances the accuracy and relevance of search results.

Keyword out of context (KWOC)
- KWOC is a method of indexing that lists the keyword separately from its context.
- KWOC was commonly used in permuted index sections of books.
- It allowed readers to easily find a section by any word from its heading.
- KWOC is no longer common in modern indexing practices.
- KWOC is also known as Key Word Out of Context.

References in literature
- David L. Parnas uses a KWIC Index as an example in his paper on modular design.
- Christopher D. Manning and Hinrich Schütze describe a KWIC index and computer concordancing in their book on statistical natural language processing.
- H.P. Luhn's article from 1960, 'Key word-in-context index for technical literature,' is cited as a reference.
- Rev. Gerard OConnors discusses the use of KWIC and KWICn formats in recent concordances.
- The Concordance of the Roman Missal is produced in both KWIC and KWICn formats.

Related concepts
- PTX is a Unix command-line utility that produces a permuted index.
- Concordancer is a tool used to analyze and study linguistic data.
- Concordance is a publishing term related to creating an alphabetical list of words in a text.
- Burrows-Wheeler transform is a data compression algorithm used in text indexing.
- Hans Peter Luhn is the researcher who coined the term KWIC.