Literacy

Definitions and uses of the term literacy - World illiteracy halved between 1970 and 2015. - The diversity among the definitions of literacy used by NGOs, think tanks, and advocacy groups since the 1990s suggests an ongoing and uneven shift in understanding. - The 2003 National Assessment of Adult Literacy (USA) included quantitative literacy (numeracy) in its definition. - In 2015, the United Nations Statistics Division defined the youth literacy rate as the percentage of the population aged 15–24 years who can both read and write with understanding. - In 2016, the European Literacy Policy Network defined literacy as the ability to read and write in all media, including digital literacy. Social and cultural elements - The concept of literacy is understood within specific contexts. - Linguist James Paul Gee described reading and writing outside of a specific context as incoherent. - Literacy is influenced by social and cultural factors. - Literacy practices vary across different communities and societies. - Literacy is not limited to alphabetic literacy but includes various forms of communication and media. Literacy rates and trends - Adult literacy rates have improved over time. - Illiteracy rates in France decreased in the 18th and 19th centuries. - The study of literacy as a concept can be divided into two periods: before 1950 and after 1950. - Literacy rates are measured and monitored by organizations such as UNESCO and the OECD. - Literacy rates are influenced by education policies and initiatives. Expanded definitions of literacy - Literacy is not limited to reading and writing but includes other skills and knowledge. - Computer literacy refers to the ability to use computers and digital technology. - Statistical literacy involves understanding and reasoning with statistics and data. - Media literacy focuses on analyzing media production and representation. - Health literacy is the ability to understand healthcare information. Criticisms and debates - The concept of multiliteracies recognizes the interactive and technological nature of reading. - Some argue that multiliteracies downplay the importance of alphabetic reading instruction. - Word reading is fundamental for various forms of communication. - The term literacy is also used to refer to knowledge or skill in specific fields such as computer literacy and ecological literacy. - There are ongoing debates and discussions about the definition and scope of literacy.