JavaScript

« Bumalik sa Glossary Index

History and Development of JavaScript
– Mosaic, the first popular web browser with a graphical user interface, was released in 1993.
– The Netscape corporation was founded by the lead developers of Mosaic, and they released Netscape Navigator in 1994.
– Web pages in the early years were static and lacked dynamic behavior.
– Netscape decided to add a scripting language to Navigator in 1995, leading to the creation of JavaScript.
– The name ‘JavaScript’ was chosen as a marketing ploy during the dot-com boom.
– Netscape collaborated with Sun Microsystems to embed the Java programming language, but also hired Brendan Eich to embed the Scheme language.
– Netscape management decided that Eich should create a new language with syntax similar to Java.
– The language and its interpreter were initially called LiveScript but were renamed JavaScript for the official release.
– The choice of the JavaScript name caused confusion, as it implied a direct relation to Java.
– JavaScript was officially released in December 1995.
– Microsoft created its own JavaScript interpreter called JScript by reverse-engineering the Navigator interpreter.
– JavaScript was released in 1996 alongside initial support for CSS and extensions to HTML.
– Differences between the JavaScript implementations in Navigator and Internet Explorer led to compatibility issues for developers.
– Best viewed in Netscape and best viewed in Internet Explorer logos were commonly used during this time.
– Microsoft’s dominance in the browser market made JScript the de facto standard for client-side scripting.
– Netscape submitted JavaScript to Ecma International in 1996, leading to the release of the first ECMAScript language specification in 1997.
– ECMAScript 2 was released in 1998, followed by ECMAScript 3 in 1999.
– Microsoft’s Internet Explorer reached a market share of 95%, solidifying JScript’s position as the dominant client-side scripting language.
– Microsoft stopped collaborating on Ecma work, leading to the mothballing of ECMAScript 4.
– Firefox’s release in 2004 started to change the stagnant client-side scripting landscape.
– Mozilla joined ECMA International in 2005, and work began on the ECMAScript for XML (E4X) standard.
– Collaboration between Mozilla and Macromedia aimed to standardize ActionScript 3 as the new ECMAScript 4, but without cooperation from Microsoft, it didn’t materialize.
– Open-source communities spearheaded a renaissance period for JavaScript, resulting in the creation of libraries like jQuery, Prototype, Dojo Toolkit, and MooTools.
Google’s Chrome browser, released in 2008, introduced the V8 JavaScript engine with just-in-time compilation (JIT).
– The ECMAScript 5 standard was released in 2009, combining the efforts of various parties.

Usage and Applications of JavaScript
– JavaScript is the dominant client-side scripting language of the Web.
– 98% of all websites (mid–2022) use JavaScript for client-side scripting.
– Scripts are embedded in or included from HTML documents.
– JavaScript interacts with the DOM.
– All major web browsers have a built-in JavaScript engine.
– Loading new web page content without reloading the page, via Ajax or a WebSocket.
– Web page animations, such as fading objects in and out, resizing, and moving them.
– Playing browser games.
– Controlling the playback of streaming media.
– Generating pop-up ads or alert boxes.
– Over 80% of websites use a third-party JavaScript library or web framework.
– jQuery is the most popular client-side library, used by over 75% of websites.
– React is a free and open-source front-end JavaScript library for building user interfaces based on components.
– Angular is a TypeScript-based, free and open-source single-page web application framework.
– Vanilla JS refers to websites not using any libraries or frameworks.
– JavaScript is used in server-side website deployments and non-browser applications.
– Initial attempts at promoting server-side JavaScript usage were Netscape Enterprise Server and Microsoft’s Internet Information Services.
– Server-side usage started to grow in the late 2000s with the creation of Node.js.
– Electron, Cordova, React Native, and other frameworks have been used to create applications with JavaScript.
– JavaScript is used in Adobe Acrobat for scripting PDF documents and GNOME Shell extensions.

JavaScript Engines and Runtimes
– JavaScript engines execute JavaScript code.
– The first JavaScript engines were interpreters, but modern engines use just-in-time compilation.
– JavaScript engines are typically developed by web browser vendors.
– V8 engine is a core component of the Node.js and Deno runtime systems.
– ECMAScript engine is another name for JavaScript engines.
– JavaScript relies on a run-time environment to provide objects and methods for scripts to interact with.
– JavaScript environments are single-threaded.
– JavaScript processes messages from a queue using the event loop.
– Node.js is a cross-platform JavaScript runtime environment.
– Deno is a runtime for JavaScript, TypeScript, and WebAssembly.

Language Features and Concepts
– JavaScript supports structured programming syntax from C.
– JavaScript is weakly typed, with implicit type casting.
– JavaScript has automatic semicolon insertion.
– JavaScript has received criticism for its conversion rules.
– JavaScript has built-in functions for string and number casting.
– JavaScript is dynamically typed.
– A type is associated with a value rather than an expression.
– Variables can be reassigned to different types.
– JavaScript supports various ways to test the type of objects.
– Duck typing is supported.
– Prototypal inheritance is used in JavaScript.
– Objects are mutable and can be augmented with new fields and methods.
– Objects can act as prototypes for creating new instances.
– Two syntactical ways to specify object property names: dot notation and bracket notation.
– Properties of an object can be enumerated using a for…in loop.
– JavaScript uses prototypes for inheritance.
– Many class-based features can be simulated with prototypes.
– Functions can be used as object constructors.
– The Object.create method allows explicit creation of instances without automatic inheritance.
– The constructor’s prototype property determines the new object

JavaScript (Wikipedia)

JavaScript (/ˈɑːvəskrɪpt/), often abbreviated as JS, is a programming language and core technology of the World Wide Web, alongside HTML and CSS. As of 2023, 98.7% of websites use JavaScript on the client side for webpage behavior, often incorporating third-party libraries. All major web browsers have a dedicated JavaScript engine to execute the code on users' devices.

JavaScript
Screenshot of JavaScript source code
ParadigmMulti-paradigm: event-driven, functional, imperative, procedural, object-oriented programming
Designed byBrendan Eich of Netscape initially; others have also contributed to the ECMAScript standard
First appearedDecember 4, 1995; 28 years ago (1995-12-04)
Stable release
ECMAScript 2021 Edit this on Wikidata / June 2021; 2 years ago (June 2021)
Preview release
ECMAScript 2022 Edit this on Wikidata / 22 July 2021; 2 years ago (22 July 2021)
Typing disciplineDynamic, weak, duck
Filename extensions
  • .js
  • .cjs
  • .mjs
Websiteecma-international.org/publications-and-standards/standards/ecma-262/
Major implementations
V8, JavaScriptCore, SpiderMonkey, Chakra
Influenced by
Java, Scheme, Self, AWK, HyperTalk
Influenced
ActionScript, AssemblyScript, CoffeeScript, Dart, Haxe, JS++, Opa, TypeScript

JavaScript is a high-level, often just-in-time compiled language that conforms to the ECMAScript standard. It has dynamic typing, prototype-based object-orientation, and first-class functions. It is multi-paradigm, supporting event-driven, functional, and imperative programming styles. It has application programming interfaces (APIs) for working with text, dates, regular expressions, standard data structures, and the Document Object Model (DOM).

The ECMAScript standard does not include any input/output (I/O), such as networking, storage, or graphics facilities. In practice, the web browser or other runtime system provides JavaScript APIs for I/O.

JavaScript engines were originally used only in web browsers, but are now core components of some servers and a variety of applications. The most popular runtime system for this usage is Node.js.

Although Java and JavaScript are similar in name, syntax, and respective standard libraries, the two languages are distinct and differ greatly in design.

« Bumalik sa Glossary Index

Isumite ang iyong RFP

Hindi na kami makapaghintay na basahin ang tungkol sa iyong proyekto. Gamitin ang form sa ibaba upang isumite ang iyong RFP!

Gabrielle Buff
Gabrielle Buff

Nag-iwan lang sa amin ng 5 star review

google

Mahusay na serbisyo sa customer at nagawang gabayan kami sa iba't ibang opsyon na available sa amin sa paraang may katuturan. Talagang magrerekomenda!

google

Ang Stoute Web Solutions ay naging isang mahalagang mapagkukunan para sa aming negosyo. Ang kanilang atensyon sa detalye, kadalubhasaan, at pagpayag na tumulong sa isang sandali ay ginagawa silang isang mahalagang sistema ng suporta para sa amin.

google

Si Paul at ang koponan ay napaka-propesyonal, magalang, at mahusay. Palagi silang tumutugon kaagad kahit sa mga minuto kong alalahanin. Gayundin, ang kanilang konsultasyon sa SEO ay napakahusay. Mabubuting tao ito!

google

Si Paul Stoute at ang kanyang koponan ay nangunguna! Hindi ka makakahanap ng mas tapat, masipag na grupo na ang pokus ay ang tagumpay ng iyong negosyo. Kung handa ka nang magtrabaho kasama ang pinakamahusay upang lumikha ng pinakamahusay para sa iyong negosyo, pumunta sa Stoute Web Solutions; siguradong matutuwa ka sa ginawa mo!

google

Mga kahanga-hangang tao na nauunawaan ang aming mga pangangailangan at ginagawa ito!

google

Si Paul ay ang ganap na pinakamahusay! Palaging nariyan na may mga solusyon sa mga sitwasyong may mataas na presyon. Isang matatag na kamay; laging nandiyan kapag kailangan; Inirerekomenda ko si Paul sa sinuman!

facebook
Vince Fogliani
nagrerekomenda

Ang koponan sa mga solusyon sa web ng Stoute ay nagtakda ng aking negosyo sa isang kamangha-manghang bagong website, ay hindi maaaring maging mas masaya

facebook
Steve Sacre
nagrerekomenda

Kung naghahanap ka ng disenyo ng Website at pagkamalikhain, huwag nang tumingin pa. Si Paul at ang kanyang koponan ay ang ehemplo ng kahusayan. Huwag kunin ang aking salita sumangguni lamang sa aking website na "stevestours.net"na nilikha ng Stoute Web Solutions.

facebook
Jamie Hill
nagrerekomenda

Si Paul at ang koponan sa Stoute Web ay kahanga-hanga. Ang bilis nilang sumagot ng mga tanong. Napakadaling magtrabaho kasama, at alam ang kanilang mga bagay. 10,000 bituin.

facebook
Jason Mitsuo Hamasu
nagrerekomenda

Si Paul at ang koponan mula sa mga solusyon sa Stoute Web ay kahanga-hangang magtrabaho kasama. Ang mga ito ay sobrang intuitive sa kung ano ang pinakamahusay na nababagay sa iyong mga pangangailangan at ang huling produkto ay mas mahusay. Gagamitin namin ang mga ito ng eksklusibo para sa aming disenyo sa web at pagho-host.

facebook
Dean Eardley
nagrerekomenda

Mga website na gumagana nang maganda mula sa propesyonal at may kaalamang koponan.

google

Kasama ng pagho-host ng karamihan sa negosyo ni Paul ng aking url ay nakatulong sa akin sa pagbuo ng website, graphic na disenyo at kahit na isang talagang cool na back end database app! Lubos kong inirerekomenda siya bilang iyong 360 na solusyon upang gawing mas nakikita ang iyong negosyo sa marketplace na hinihimok ng social media ngayon.

sumigaw

Ayaw kong makipag-ugnayan sa mga host ng domain/site. Pagkatapos ng kakila-kilabot na serbisyo sa loob ng mahigit isang dekada mula sa Dreamhost, desperado akong makahanap ng bago. Maswerte akong nanalo...

google

Si Paul Stoute ay lubhang nakatulong sa pagtulong sa akin na piliin ang pinakamahusay na pakete na angkop sa aking mga pangangailangan. Anumang oras na nagkaroon ako ng teknikal na isyu ay nariyan siya upang tulungan akong malampasan ito. Napakahusay na serbisyo sa customer sa isang mahusay na halaga. Inirerekumenda ko ang kanyang mga serbisyo sa sinumang nagnanais ng walang problema at kalidad na karanasan para sa kanilang mga pangangailangan sa website.

google

Si Paul ang BEST! Ako ay kasalukuyang customer at masaya na sabihin na hindi niya ako binigo. Palaging tumutugon nang mabilis at kung hindi niya maaayos kaagad ang isyu, kung available, bibigyan ka niya ng pansamantalang trabaho habang sinasaliksik ang tamang pag-aayos! Salamat sa pagiging isang tapat at mahusay na kumpanya!!

google

Si Paul Stoute ay talagang kahanga-hanga. Laging sumasagot si Paul sa mga tawag at email ko kaagad. Siya talaga ang backbone ng negosyo ko. Mula sa aking kamangha-manghang website hanggang sa paglabas mismo sa Google kapag hinanap ako ng mga tao at idinisenyo ang aking mga business card, naroon si Paul sa bawat hakbang. Inirerekomenda ko ang kumpanyang ito sa sinuman.

sumigaw

Wala akong masasabing magagandang bagay tungkol sa Green Tie Hosting. Kahanga-hanga si Paul sa pagtulong sa akin na mapatakbo ang aking website nang mabilis. Nakatira ako sa Green...